Hongbo Liu
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126
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2026
Functional Subspace Watermarking for Large Language Models
The paper proposes Functional Subspace Watermarking (FSW), a robust method that embeds ownership signals into a stable, low-dimensional functional subspace of LLMs, significantly improving detection accuracy against model modifications.
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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMar 19, 2026
Functional Subspace Watermarking for Large Language Models
Zikang Ding, Junhao Li, Suling Wu, Junchi Yao +2 more
The paper proposes Functional Subspace Watermarking (FSW), a robust method that embeds ownership signals into a stable, low-dimensional functional subspace of LLMs, significantly improving detection a…
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