cs.CLcs.NEEmpirical
Travel-Oriented Reasoning Large Language Model via Domain-Specific Knowledge Graphs
Jun 28, 2026
The paper proposes a pipeline for building a travel-domain reasoning language model using an expert-designed knowledge graph, achieving an 82.4% exact match on a benchmark.
Proposed a pipeline for building a travel-domain reasoning language model using a knowledge graph and fine-tuning.
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Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate broad reasoning abilities but struggle with accuracy and reliability in specialized domains such as travel, where reasoning depends on precise definitions, rules, and expert-defined conceptual frameworks, and where confident but unfounded outputs arise from a reasoning failure in which the model has not internalized the underlying domain graph rather than from missing domain knowledge alone. We propose a modular pipeline for building a travel-domain reasoning LLM grounded in an expert-designed knowledge graph (KG). Our pipeline integrates a travel KG that encodes domain entities and their relationships, a bottom-up construction procedure that walks the KG to produce multi-hop question answer (QA) pairs, a supervised fine-tuning stage that embeds the domain knowledge into a reasoning-capable LLM using the generated QA pairs as auditable reasoning traces, and a travel-domain benchmark dataset that measures the fine-tuned model's accuracy and calibration. We evaluate our approach using Qwen3-4B with LoRA adaptation. Our reasoning model achieves an $82.4\%$ exact match on the benchmark. This performance significantly outperforms the pretrained Qwen3-4B baseline at $22.4\%$. A calibration analysis decomposes the residual $17.57\%$ of errors into two distinct failure modes: an over-confident multi-label decoder that predicts both correct answers plus one spurious option on most dual-answer mistakes, and a smaller reasoning failure on single-answer questions where the supporting facts are present in the KG but the model fails to reconstruct the correct multi-hop path. This split confirms that explicit KG-grounded reasoning substantially improves the accuracy and uncertainty interpretation of LLMs in specialized domains, and isolates per-option calibration and trace-length-aware decoding as the next axes of improvement.