Classical codes violate the conjectured square-root bound for quantum random access codes
This paper shows that certain classical random access codes with private randomness can violate the conjectured bound for quantum random access codes, leading to order-optimal qubit scaling.
Provides the first counterexamples to the conjectured bound for quantum random access codes and identifies the classical coding rate as the source of the separation.
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Applications
- →Quantum information theory
- →Quantum communication
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- Understanding of quantum mechanicsfind papers →
- Familiarity with random access codesfind papers →
Abstract
More Like ThisWe consider whether every quantum random access code (QRAC) with density-operator encodings and arbitrary decoding measurements obeys the conjectured bound $p\leq(1+\sqrt{m/n})/2$, where $n$ classical bits are encoded into $m$ qubits and $p$ is the worst-case success probability. We find that classical random access codes with private randomness, which form a subclass of this QRAC model, violate the bound. We embed these classical codes as QRACs with diagonal encoding states and commuting decoding measurements, and construct pure-state realizations with identical decoding statistics. The achievability theorem of Ambainis, Nayak, Ta-Shma, and Vazirani then yields violations for every fixed $p\in(1/2,1)$ at sufficiently large input length. The counterexamples span the full open interval between the conjectured and Nayak bounds at each fixed compression rate. A finite-blocklength analysis further yields order-optimal logarithmic qubit scaling for a recovery bias scaling as $\sqrt{\log_2 n/n}$ with a sufficiently large prefactor. These results identify the classical coding rate as the source of the separation and motivate restricted bounds based on quantitative spectral properties of decoding measurements.