The paper systematically analyzes 36 existing and proposed digital payment system designs to identify recurring patterns, technical trade-offs, and implementation challenges relevant for future Centra…

The paper introduces the Unicity Execution Layer, a secure, modular component that enables trustless off-chain transactions while guaranteeing double-spending prevention and enhancing user privacy.

The paper argues that endogenous tokens on public, permissionless ledgers are not money because the underlying ledger structure fails to provide a cash-like privacy primitive, exposing holders to syst…

This paper proposes a comprehensive framework utilizing AI and machine learning to enhance cybersecurity and mitigate fraud risks in the emerging field of cardless artificial intelligence banking.

HFIPay proposes a privacy-preserving, non-custodial system for cross-chain cryptocurrency payments that links human-friendly identifiers to blockchain transactions without exposing recipient balances…

The paper proposes BitSov, an eight-layer, Bitcoin-native architectural framework designed to build sovereign internet infrastructure by composing existing decentralized technologies.

The paper introduces Ark, a novel Bitcoin-compatible commit-chain that enables offchain transaction batching of virtual UTXOs (VTXOs) with a constant onchain footprint, solving scalability issues with…

The paper introduces SuperPaymaster, an Asset-Oriented Abstraction (AOA) paymaster that eliminates the need for a centralized off-chain signer, thereby improving the decentralization and efficiency of…

GasLiteAA proposes optimizing the ERC-4337 standard by offloading gas sponsorship logic to Trusted Execution Environments (TEE), significantly reducing on-chain gas costs while maintaining security an…

The paper introduces extsc{Dao$^2$}, a framework enabling secure, threshold-controlled payments from one Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) to another, supporting both traceable and anonymou…

This paper analyzes the x402 payment protocol, revealing systemic vulnerabilities in state synchronization and signature design that allow attackers to exploit payment systems for resource leakage in…

This paper analyzes the x402 payment protocol, revealing critical synchronization and security flaws that allow attackers to exploit payment systems and force merchants to subsidize compute costs.

The paper proposes bPk#, a distributed architecture for pseudonyms that enhances privacy and availability in national eID systems by delegating pseudonym computation rights to users and service provid…

The paper proposes a secure, verifiable, and privacy-preserving e-collecting protocol tailored for the Swiss political system, guaranteeing participation privacy even without assuming an anonymous com…

The paper introduces Bitcoin Smart Accounts (BSA), a novel, trust-minimized protocol enabling native Bitcoin to participate in DeFi while maintaining self-custody of funds.

The paper develops a unified, cross-layer security framework for autonomous LLM agents operating in agentic commerce, identifying key attack vectors and proposing a layered defense architecture.

Intercloud proposes a decentralized economic network that achieves eventual consistency and security using a novel 'chilling-effect consensus' mechanism, eliminating the need for global coordination.

This paper proposes ALBank, a decentralized banking application built on the Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts, demonstrating that this integration effectively enhances security, transparency, a…

The paper estimates the quantum resources required to break 256-bit ECC cryptography and warns that fast-clock quantum computers could enable on-spend attacks on modern cryptocurrencies, necessitating…

The paper proposes n-VM, a novel Layer-1 architecture that unifies multiple heterogeneous virtual machines (VMs) onto a shared consensus and state layer, solving cross-chain fragmentation issues.