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~ similar to 2604.21394v3· 20 results

cs.CLcs.CRRecentApr 9, 2026

Efficient Provably Secure Linguistic Steganography via Range Coding

Ruiyi Yan, Yugo Murawaki

The paper proposes an efficient and provably secure linguistic steganography method using range coding that achieves high embedding capacity and speed, outperforming existing methods.

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cs.CRRecentApr 13, 2026

Can we Watermark Low-Entropy LLM Outputs?

Noam Mazor, Andrew Morgan, Rafael Pass

This paper develops provably undetectable and robust watermarking schemes for LLM outputs even when the per-token entropy is only constant, removing previous dependencies on high entropy rates or larg…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentApr 22, 2026

Text Steganography with Dynamic Codebook and Multimodal Large Language Model

Jianxin Gao, Ruohan Lei, Wanli Peng

The paper proposes a secure and practical black-box text steganography method that uses a dynamic codebook and a multimodal LLM to embed secret messages into captions, outperforming existing technique…

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cs.CRRecentApr 28, 2026

ReTokSync: Self-Synchronizing Tokenization Disambiguation for Generative Linguistic Steganography

Yaofei Wang, Rui Wang, Weilong Pang, JiaLiang Han +3 more

The paper introduces ReTokSync, a self-synchronizing framework that resolves tokenization ambiguity in Generative Linguistic Steganography (GLS) by correcting mismatches only when they occur, thereby…

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cs.CRRecentApr 30, 2026

VOW: Verifiable and Oblivious Watermark Detection for Large Language Models

Xiaokun Luan, Yihao Zhang, Pengcheng Su, Feiran Lei +1 more

VOW introduces a novel, privacy-preserving, and cryptographically verifiable protocol for detecting watermarks in LLM-generated text, overcoming the limitations of centralized and non-verifiable exist…

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cs.CLRecentMay 28, 2026

Linear Ensembles Wash Away Watermarks: On the Fragility of Distributional Perturbations in LLMs

Zhihao Wu, Gracia Gong, Qinglin Zhu, Yudong Chen +1 more

The paper demonstrates that combining outputs from multiple large language models (LLMs) effectively cancels out statistical watermarks, revealing a fundamental vulnerability in current AI text detect…

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cs.CRcs.CLRecentMay 1, 2026

Block-wise Codeword Embedding for Reliable Multi-bit Text Watermarking

Joeun Kim, HoEun Kim, Dongsup Jin, Young-Sik Kim

The paper introduces BREW, a novel framework that significantly improves the reliability of multi-bit text watermarking for LLMs by replacing flawed decoding-centric methods with a designated two-stag…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 9, 2026

PASA: A Principled Embedding-Space Watermarking Approach for LLM-Generated Text under Semantic-Invariant Attacks

Zhenxin Ai, Haiyun He

PASA introduces a robust, semantic-level watermarking technique that embeds and detects watermarks in the latent embedding space, successfully resisting semantic-invariant attacks like paraphrasing.

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 20, 2026

An Application-Layer Multi-Modal Covert-Channel Reference Monitor for LLM Agent Egress

Alfredo Metere

The paper proposes a comprehensive application-layer reference monitor to detect and mitigate data exfiltration via covert channels embedded in LLM agent egress payloads across text, image, and audio…

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cs.CRRecentMar 30, 2026

Safeguarding LLMs Against Misuse and AI-Driven Malware Using Steganographic Canaries

Md Raz, Venkata Sai Charan Putrevu, Meet Udeshi, Prashanth Krishnamurthy +2 more

The paper introduces a novel framework using steganographic canary files to detect and block unauthorized processing of sensitive documents by LLMs, even when the data passes through traditional secur…

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eess.IVcs.CRcs.ETRecentMay 19, 2026

Set Shaping Theory as a Complementary Payload-Shaping Layer for Steganography

Aida Koch, Logan Lewis, Lily Scott, Agi Weber

The paper proposes using Set Shaping Theory (SST) as a preprocessing layer for LSB steganography, demonstrating that it significantly reduces the statistical detectability of embedded messages without…

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cs.CRcs.CLRecentMay 22, 2026

Robust LLM Watermarking with Minimal Semantic Distortion for IP Protection

Kieu Dang, Phung Lai, NhatHai Phan, Yelong Shen +1 more

The paper proposes SAFESEAL, a novel key-conditioned watermarking framework that embeds robust, provider-specific watermarks into LLM outputs with minimal semantic distortion, effectively protecting i…

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cs.CRRecentApr 17, 2026

MATRIX: Multi-Layer Code Watermarking via Dual-Channel Constrained Parity-Check Encoding

Yuqing Nie, Chong Wang, Guosheng Xu, Guoai Xu +3 more

MATRIX is a novel, robust code watermarking framework that encodes watermarks using constrained parity-check matrix equations, achieving high detection accuracy and improved robustness for code proven…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 8, 2026

Vaporizer: Breaking Watermarking Schemes for Large Language Model Outputs

Jonathan Hong Jin Ng, Anh Tu Ngo, Anupam Chattopadhyay

The paper analyzes the robustness of current LLM watermarking schemes against various text modifications, concluding that watermarks can be removed with reasonable effort.

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cs.CRcs.AIcs.CLRecentMay 5, 2026

Exposing LLM Safety Gaps Through Mathematical Encoding:New Attacks and Systematic Analysis

Haoyu Zhang, Mohammad Zandsalimy, Shanu Sushmita

The paper demonstrates that encoding harmful prompts as genuine mathematical problems, rather than just using mathematical formatting, effectively bypasses the safety filters of large language models.

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cs.CLcs.AIRecentMay 30, 2026

Linguistics-Aware Non-Distortionary LLM Watermarking

Shinwoo Park, Hyejin Park, Hyeseon An, Yo-Sub Han

The paper introduces LUNA, a linguistically adaptive watermarking technique that achieves high detection accuracy across diverse languages while maintaining minimal text distortion, outperforming exis…

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cs.CLcs.AIcs.CRRecentApr 6, 2026

XMark: Reliable Multi-Bit Watermarking for LLM-Generated Texts

Jiahao Xu, Rui Hu, Olivera Kotevska, Zikai Zhang

XMark introduces a novel multi-bit watermarking technique that reliably embeds binary messages into LLM-generated text while maintaining high text quality and robust performance even with limited toke…

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cs.CRcs.IRcs.LGRecentMay 13, 2026

VectorSmuggle: Steganographic Exfiltration in Embedding Stores and a Cryptographic Provenance Defense

Jascha Wanger

The paper demonstrates a class of steganographic exfiltration attacks against vector databases by hiding data within embeddings, and proposes VectorPin, a cryptographic provenance protocol to detect s…

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cs.CRcs.AIcs.CLRecentApr 24, 2026

SSG: Logit-Balanced Vocabulary Partitioning for LLM Watermarking

Chenxi Gu, Xiaoning Du, John Grundy

The paper proposes SSG, a novel logit-balanced vocabulary partitioning method, to enhance the watermark strength and detectability of LLM-generated content, especially in low-entropy domains like code…

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cs.CRRecentMay 19, 2026

High-Rate Public-Key Pseudorandom Codes for Edit Errors

Shengtang Huang, Xin Li, Songtao Mao, Zhaienhe Zhou

The paper constructs high-rate public-key pseudorandom codes (PRCs) robust against edit errors, providing the first such binary constructions under assumptions that yield Hamming-robust PRCs.

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