This paper presents methods for ranking and unranking permutations avoiding a pattern of length three in lexicographic or colexicographic order.

The paper addresses limitations in the Linear Ordering Problem (LOP) by introducing a novel benchmark suite derived from current economic data and an algorithmic scheme to generate diverse, high-quali…

This paper derives multivariate generating functions to refine the enumeration of Fibonacci polyominoes.

This paper presents a set of formulas and equations to compute the longest counting sequence of convex polyominoes of degree of convexity at most 2.

PlanarBench introduces a novel benchmark to test LLM spatial reasoning by requiring them to draw planar graphs as ASCII art from an edge list, finding that edge count is a stronger difficulty predicto…

This paper settles the complexity of three sketching problems in graphs and distributions.

The study demonstrates that LLMs exhibit significant, language-driven disparities in medical triage recommendations, recommending emergency care more frequently for English and Arabic prompts, even wh…

The paper demonstrates that while distilling large language models for medical QA can significantly improve final answer accuracy, this gain often comes at the cost of factual accuracy and detailed re…

This paper presents an algorithm to generate snake-like polyominoes within a given rectangle and provides exact formulas for the maximal area of such polyominoes for certain dimensions.

The paper demonstrates that Transformers trained on local comparisons implicitly learn a global, one-dimensional ordinal structure, mirroring the human ability to perform transitive inference.

The paper proposes CSMR, a cognitive scheduling framework that allows a language model to dynamically decide when to acquire task-relevant visual evidence, significantly improving multimodal reasoning…

The paper introduces FOSSIL, a new multilingual dataset and specialized workflow designed to significantly improve the extraction of citations embedded within complex footnotes common in law and human…

This paper introduces a new benchmark dataset and evaluation framework for 'data snapshot extraction,' focusing on identifying and localizing semantically meaningful analytical artifacts within operat…

The paper quantitatively confirms the Currier A/B language distinction in the Voynich Manuscript, demonstrating it is governed by a higher-dimensional, context-dependent boolean switch rather than a s…

The paper introduces a multilingual benchmark (MentalMap) to test if LLMs build internal spatial world models from text, finding a universal 'L3 reasoning cliff' suggesting that text-only working memo…

The paper introduces Citation Grounding (CG), a novel metric and framework, to systematically detect and reduce the hallucination of legal citations by verifying LLM outputs against a massive, structu…

This paper applies the MAP-Elites algorithm to procedurally generate diverse and high-quality First-Person Shooter maps using novel map representations.

This paper completely characterizes cyclic equalizability for two words over any finite alphabet by proving that the words must share the same Parikh vector.

The paper introduces TRACE, a novel metric that evaluates the logical structure of LLM reasoning (CoT) by integrating Toulmin's argumentation theory, demonstrating that sound reasoning structure corre…