Juncheng Wu

This paper conducts the first real-world safety evaluation of the personal AI agent OpenClaw, demonstrating that its broad system access creates inherent vulnerabilities that significantly increase the attack success rate regardless of the underlying large language model.

The paper distinguishes between a model's ability to generate useful updates for external agent components (harness-updating) and its ability to benefit from those updates (harness-benefit), finding that updating capabilities are surprisingly uniform while benefit is maximized in mid-tier models.