This paper models transaction fee dynamics on blockchains by treating the transaction queue as a priority queue, providing analytical insights into how user delay costs influence fees.

The paper analyzes transaction fee mechanisms in modern blockchains that use parallel execution and contingency, proving an inherent trade-off between minimizing risks for users and maximizing revenue…

The paper analyzes Ethereum builder transactions to show that builder centralization is an emergent property of the Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS) architecture, driven by specific order flow and ME…

This paper models Ethereum's mempool as a dynamic scheduling problem using an MDP, showing that dynamic pricing stabilizes the system and maximizes long-run rewards, and that the optimal policy conver…

This paper analyzes the conditions under which Bitcoin's security might fail due to miners deviating from honest mining when block rewards decline to zero, concluding that protocol mechanisms can miti…

The paper proposes a hash-based commit-reveal alternative to minimize the infrastructural overhead associated with adopting large post-quantum signature schemes in blockchain transactions.

The paper analyzes transaction selection strategies in DAG-based distributed ledgers using game theory, finding that Collaborative Fee Sharing (CFS) achieves superior performance compared to Random Fe…

This paper analyzes the x402 payment protocol, revealing systemic vulnerabilities in state synchronization and signature design that allow attackers to exploit payment systems for resource leakage in…

This paper analyzes the x402 payment protocol, revealing critical synchronization and security flaws that allow attackers to exploit payment systems and force merchants to subsidize compute costs.

The paper introduces Ark, a novel Bitcoin-compatible commit-chain that enables offchain transaction batching of virtual UTXOs (VTXOs) with a constant onchain footprint, solving scalability issues with…

This paper introduces a novel denial-of-service attack targeting multi-round transaction simulation by exploiting inter-transaction dependencies within smart-contract state.

The paper proposes n-VM, a novel Layer-1 architecture that unifies multiple heterogeneous virtual machines (VMs) onto a shared consensus and state layer, solving cross-chain fragmentation issues.

This paper advances the lightweight blockchain verification protocol, FlyClient, by addressing technical challenges, introducing a new adversary model, and providing practical implementations and opti…

This paper proposes ALBank, a decentralized banking application built on the Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts, demonstrating that this integration effectively enhances security, transparency, a…

The paper analyzes arbitrage competition on high-throughput blockchains, finding that while probabilistic search accounts for a small fraction of activity, it is disproportionately responsible for spa…

The paper introduces YouTube-Synch, a robust system that successfully replicates content from thousands of YouTube channels to decentralized storage by continuously adapting to and bypassing YouTube's…

The paper introduces ODYSSEY, a confidential blockchain that mitigates execution-inference and execution-replay attacks by implementing a delegation model, achieving high throughput and low latency in…

This study demonstrates that the publicly distributed firmware of ASIC cryptocurrency miners constitutes a primary and sufficient attack surface, allowing attackers to reconstruct internal architectur…

The paper proposes BitSov, an eight-layer, Bitcoin-native architectural framework designed to build sovereign internet infrastructure by composing existing decentralized technologies.

The paper introduces ClawCoin, a novel tokenized, compute-cost-indexed unit of account designed to solve the problem of non-transferable compute costs in decentralized AI agent economies.