This paper analyzes the x402 payment protocol, revealing systemic vulnerabilities in state synchronization and signature design that allow attackers to exploit payment systems for resource leakage in…

This paper analyzes the x402 payment protocol, revealing critical synchronization and security flaws that allow attackers to exploit payment systems and force merchants to subsidize compute costs.

The paper analyzes the nascent DeFi investment agent market, finding that while token valuations are high, current deployments are heterogeneous, lack clear autonomous execution, and exhibit poor risk…

The paper empirically analyzes the nascent DeFi investment agent market, finding that while token valuations are high, current deployments lack robust autonomous execution and exhibit poor risk-adjust…

APEX is a research system that adapts HTTP 402-style payment gating for autonomous agents, enabling programmatic spend governance using real-world fiat payment workflows like UPI.

The paper proposes an infrastructure, clawgang and meowtrade, to transform private, non-transferable agent memories into verifiable, tradable economic commodities.

The paper systematizes the interaction between autonomous AI agents and blockchain platforms using a bidirectional trust framework, identifying significant gaps in current standards and proposing a ta…

The paper develops and validates a novel Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) framework to enhance pair trading in volatile cryptocurrency markets, demonstrating statistically significant outperformance…

The paper proposes replacing individual agent autonomy with a structured 'social contract' and institutional Separation of Power (SoP) to mitigate systemic failures and deceptive behavior in multi-age…

The paper proposes a compliance-aware architecture for agentic payments on stablecoin rails that embeds regulatory checks directly into the on-chain execution flow to ensure safe, low-friction transfe…

GasLiteAA proposes optimizing the ERC-4337 standard by offloading gas sponsorship logic to Trusted Execution Environments (TEE), significantly reducing on-chain gas costs while maintaining security an…

The paper proposes BitSov, an eight-layer, Bitcoin-native architectural framework designed to build sovereign internet infrastructure by composing existing decentralized technologies.

The paper introduces Ark, a novel Bitcoin-compatible commit-chain that enables offchain transaction batching of virtual UTXOs (VTXOs) with a constant onchain footprint, solving scalability issues with…

The paper proposes n-VM, a novel Layer-1 architecture that unifies multiple heterogeneous virtual machines (VMs) onto a shared consensus and state layer, solving cross-chain fragmentation issues.

The paper introduces LATTICE, a novel benchmark for evaluating how well crypto agents assist user decision-making, finding that different agents excel in different specific areas rather than having a…

The paper introduces SuperPaymaster, an Asset-Oriented Abstraction (AOA) paymaster that eliminates the need for a centralized off-chain signer, thereby improving the decentralization and efficiency of…

HadAgent introduces a decentralized AI serving system that replaces resource-intensive Proof-of-Work with Proof-of-Inference (PoI) to secure LLM agent operations and achieve fast, verifiable consensus…

This empirical study of Pearl's cuPOW protocol demonstrates that the network's Proof-of-Useful-Work mechanism generates zero useful AI computation, instead causing economic harm and displacing legitim…

This study demonstrates that the publicly distributed firmware of ASIC cryptocurrency miners constitutes a primary and sufficient attack surface, allowing attackers to reconstruct internal architectur…

The paper analyzes Ethereum builder transactions to show that builder centralization is an emergent property of the Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS) architecture, driven by specific order flow and ME…