This paper analyzes the x402 payment protocol, revealing systemic vulnerabilities in state synchronization and signature design that allow attackers to exploit payment systems for resource leakage in…

This paper analyzes the x402 payment protocol, revealing critical synchronization and security flaws that allow attackers to exploit payment systems and force merchants to subsidize compute costs.

APEX is a research system that adapts HTTP 402-style payment gating for autonomous agents, enabling programmatic spend governance using real-world fiat payment workflows like UPI.

The paper develops a unified, cross-layer security framework for autonomous LLM agents operating in agentic commerce, identifying key attack vectors and proposing a layered defense architecture.

This paper analyzes the x402 agentic payment protocol, demonstrating through five concrete, practical attacks that it is vulnerable across multiple stages of its payment workflow.

The paper introduces Bitcoin Smart Accounts (BSA), a novel, trust-minimized protocol enabling native Bitcoin to participate in DeFi while maintaining self-custody of funds.

The paper introduces ClawCoin, a novel tokenized, compute-cost-indexed unit of account designed to solve the problem of non-transferable compute costs in decentralized AI agent economies.

The paper introduces the Lean-Agent Protocol, a formal verification platform that uses Lean 4 theorem proving to ensure agentic AI actions in finance are mathematically compliant with complex regulati…

The paper systematizes the interaction between autonomous AI agents and blockchain platforms using a bidirectional trust framework, identifying significant gaps in current standards and proposing a ta…

The paper introduces presidio-hardened-x402, an open-source middleware that intercepts x402 payment requests to detect and redact PII and enforce spending policies before on-chain settlement.

The paper introduces SuperPaymaster, an Asset-Oriented Abstraction (AOA) paymaster that eliminates the need for a centralized off-chain signer, thereby improving the decentralization and efficiency of…

GasLiteAA proposes optimizing the ERC-4337 standard by offloading gas sponsorship logic to Trusted Execution Environments (TEE), significantly reducing on-chain gas costs while maintaining security an…

The paper introduces MolTrust, a production-deployed trust infrastructure built on W3C standards (VCs and DIDs) that provides a verifiable, multi-layered authorization framework for autonomous AI agen…

The paper proposes Proof-Carrying Agent Actions (PCAA), a runtime-neutral governance model that uses action certificates to consistently track and authorize high-risk actions across diverse and hetero…

The paper provides a mechanized proof in Isabelle/HOL guaranteeing both the safety (state preservation) and liveness (progress) of regulatory state transitions across multiple, heterogeneous blockchai…

The paper proposes BitSov, an eight-layer, Bitcoin-native architectural framework designed to build sovereign internet infrastructure by composing existing decentralized technologies.

The paper introduces alignment contracts, a formal framework for specifying and enforcing behavioral constraints over observable effect traces, ensuring that powerful agentic security systems operate…

The paper proposes Federated Computing as Code (FCaC), a declarative architecture that enforces sovereignty-critical constraints in federated systems by compiling authority into cryptographically veri…

This paper analyzes attacks against centralized agent governance systems (SAGA) when the central provider is compromised and proposes three novel, trade-off-aware architectures (SAGA-BFT, SAGA-MON, SA…

The paper demonstrates that current transfer-based AML systems fail in complex DeFi environments because economic value migration can be structurally decoupled from explicit token transfers.