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~ similar to 2603.21975v1· 19 results

cs.CRcs.AIcs.LGRecentApr 2, 2026

Understanding the Effects of Safety Unalignment on Large Language Models

John T. Halloran

This study compares two methods of safety unalignment (Jailbreak-Tuning and Weight Orthogonalization) across six LLMs and finds that Weight Orthogonalization (WO) significantly enhances malicious capa…

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cs.CRcs.LGRecentApr 22, 2026

Breaking Bad: Interpretability-Based Safety Audits of State-of-the-Art LLMs

Krishiv Agarwal, Ramneet Kaur, Colin Samplawski, Manoj Acharya +5 more

The paper conducts an interpretability-driven safety audit of eight state-of-the-art LLMs, demonstrating that while interpretability-based steering is a powerful auditing tool, model robustness varies…

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cs.CRcs.SERecentMar 24, 2026

Does Teaming-Up LLMs Improve Secure Code Generation? A Comprehensive Evaluation with Multi-LLMSecCodeEval

Bushra Sabir, Shigang Liu, Seung Ick Jang, Sharif Abuadbba +5 more

The paper evaluates multi-LLM strategies for secure code generation, finding that hybrid pipelines combining ensembling, static analysis, and patching achieve the strongest security performance, outpe…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 6, 2026

SoK: Robustness in Large Language Models against Jailbreak Attacks

Feiyue Xu, Hongsheng Hu, Chaoxiang He, Sheng Hang +8 more

This paper introduces Security Cube, a comprehensive, multi-dimensional framework for evaluating LLM robustness against jailbreak attacks, providing a systematic taxonomy and benchmark analysis of exi…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 19, 2026

Exploring and Developing a Pre-Model Safeguard with Draft Models

Hongyu Cai, Arjun Arunasalam, Yiming Liang, Antonio Bianchi +1 more

The paper proposes a novel pre-model safeguard that uses small draft models (SLMs) to predict the safety of prompts, significantly reducing false-negative rates while maintaining low computational ove…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 14, 2026

EVA: Editing for Versatile Alignment against Jailbreaks

Yi Wang, Hongye Qiu, Yue Xu, Sibei Yang +3 more

The paper proposes EVA, a novel framework that uses direct model editing to surgically correct specific neurons responsible for jailbreaking vulnerabilities in LLMs and VLMs, achieving robust safety a…

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cs.CYcs.CRcs.HCRecentMar 25, 2026

Learning from Mistakes: Can LLM Self-Recover after Misalignment?

Olga E. Sorokoletova, Francesco Giarrusso, Vincenzo Suriani, Daniele Nardi

This paper shifts the focus of LLM safety from preventing misalignment to investigating the model's intrinsic ability to self-recover its alignment after being corrupted by adversarial inputs.

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentApr 1, 2026

Automated Framework to Evaluate and Harden LLM System Instructions against Encoding Attacks

Anubhab Sahu, Diptisha Samanta, Reza Soosahabi

The paper introduces an automated framework demonstrating that LLM system instructions are vulnerable to encoding attacks, where structured output requests can bypass safety refusals and leak sensitiv…

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cs.CRcs.CLRecentApr 9, 2026

The Art of (Mis)alignment: How Fine-Tuning Methods Effectively Misalign and Realign LLMs in Post-Training

Rui Zhang, Hongwei Li, Yun Shen, Xinyue Shen +5 more

The paper investigates how various fine-tuning methods can be used both to intentionally misalign and subsequently realign large language models (LLMs), revealing distinct strengths for attack and def…

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cs.AIcs.CRRecentJun 4, 2026

GuardNet: Ensemble Strategies of Shallow Neural Networks for Robust Prompt Injection and Jailbreak Detection

Paulo Ricardo Ferreira Neves, Edson Rodrigues da Cruz Filho, Paulo Henrique Eleuterio Falsetti, João Vitor Pavan +6 more

GuardNet is a lightweight, ensemble-based guardrail system using shallow neural networks that provides robust and efficient detection of Prompt Injection and Jailbreak attacks on LLMs, suitable for pr…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 18, 2026

Babel: Jailbreaking Safety Attention via Obfuscation Distribution Optimized Sampling

Ziwei Wang, Jing Chen, Ruichao Liang, Zhi Wang +5 more

The paper introduces Babel, an efficient black-box attack framework that systematically exploits intrinsic safety gaps in LLMs by optimizing text obfuscation sampling, achieving state-of-the-art jailb…

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cs.CRRecentApr 1, 2026

When Safe Models Merge into Danger: Exploiting Latent Vulnerabilities in LLM Fusion

Jiaqing Li, Zhibo Zhang, Shide Zhou, Yuxi Li +2 more

The paper introduces TrojanMerge, a framework demonstrating that model merging can be exploited to systematically compromise the safety alignment of multiple individually safe LLMs.

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 17, 2026

Ablating Safety: Mechanisms for Removing Alignment in Language Models for Security Applications

Isaac David, Arthur Gervais

The paper proposes Ablating Safety, a controlled protocol for removing safety alignment from language models, demonstrating that targeted de-alignment can significantly boost security performance whil…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMar 28, 2026

GUARD-SLM: Token Activation-Based Defense Against Jailbreak Attacks for Small Language Models

Md Jueal Mia, Joaquin Molto, Yanzhao Wu, M. Hadi Amini

The paper proposes GUARD-SLM, a token activation-based defense mechanism, to enhance the robustness of Small Language Models (SLMs) against various jailbreak attacks by analyzing and filtering malicio…

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cs.CRRecentJun 1, 2026

Benign Inputs, Harmful Outputs: Cross-Modal Jailbreaking via Distributed Semantic Recomposition

Yani Wang, Yilong Yang, Yang Liu, Zhuzhu Wang +2 more

The paper introduces Distributed Semantic Recomposition (DSR), a novel cross-modal jailbreaking framework that bypasses existing safety filters by decomposing harmful intent into benign input componen…

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cs.AIcs.CLRecentJun 1, 2026

SafeSteer: Localized On-Policy Distillation for Efficient Safety Alignment

Hao Li, Jingkun An, Zijun Song, Pengyu Zhu +7 more

SafeSteer proposes a localized on-policy distillation method that restricts safety alignment to specific safety tokens, thereby achieving strong safety performance with minimal degradation to general…

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cs.AIRecentMay 28, 2026

Aligned but Fragile: Enhancing LLM Safety Robustness via Zeroth-Order Optimization

Zhihao Liu, Yifan Wu, Jian Lou, Di Wang +2 more

The paper proposes a novel zeroth-order optimization framework to enhance the robustness of LLM safety alignment, showing that few refinement steps can significantly improve safety while maintaining u…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 9, 2026

Why Do Aligned LLMs Remain Jailbreakable: Refusal-Escape Directions, Operator-Level Sources, and Safety-Utility Trade-off

Yu Chen, Yuanhao Liu, Qi Cao

The paper theorizes that aligned LLMs remain jailbreakable due to 'Refusal-Escape Directions' (RED), which are continuous perturbation paths that shift model behavior from refusal to answering, and sh…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMar 17, 2026

Security Assessment and Mitigation Strategies for Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Defensive Framework

Taiwo Onitiju, Iman Vakilinia

The paper establishes a standardized security assessment framework and develops a multi-layered defensive system, demonstrating that systematic testing and external defenses are crucial for safe LLM d…

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