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~ similar to 2604.25921v1· 19 results

cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 11, 2026

Re-Triggering Safeguards within LLMs for Jailbreak Detection

Zheng Lin, Zhenxing Niu, Haoxuan Ji, Yuzhe Huang +1 more

The paper introduces an embedding disruption method to re-activate and strengthen built-in safeguards within LLMs, effectively detecting and defending against sophisticated jailbreak attacks.

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 9, 2026

Why Do Aligned LLMs Remain Jailbreakable: Refusal-Escape Directions, Operator-Level Sources, and Safety-Utility Trade-off

Yu Chen, Yuanhao Liu, Qi Cao

The paper theorizes that aligned LLMs remain jailbreakable due to 'Refusal-Escape Directions' (RED), which are continuous perturbation paths that shift model behavior from refusal to answering, and sh…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 8, 2026

Mitigating Many-shot Jailbreak Attacks with One Single Demonstration

Kejia Chen, Jiawen Zhang, Boheng Li, Pengcheng Li +5 more

The paper proposes mitigating the progressive degradation of safety in language models caused by many-shot jailbreak attacks by appending a single, fixed safety demonstration at inference time.

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cs.CRcs.SERecentMay 15, 2026

Compositional Jailbreaking: An Empirical Analysis of Mutator Chain Interactions in Aligned LLMs

Reinelle Jan Bugnot, Soohyeon Choi, Hoon Wei Lim, Yue Duan

This paper systematically analyzes the interaction of multiple weak jailbreak attacks (mutators) applied sequentially to LLMs, finding that most combinations fail due to destructive interference, reve…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 19, 2026

Exploring and Developing a Pre-Model Safeguard with Draft Models

Hongyu Cai, Arjun Arunasalam, Yiming Liang, Antonio Bianchi +1 more

The paper proposes a novel pre-model safeguard that uses small draft models (SLMs) to predict the safety of prompts, significantly reducing false-negative rates while maintaining low computational ove…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 10, 2026

MT-JailBench: A Modular Benchmark for Understanding Multi-Turn Jailbreak Attacks

Xinkai Zhang, Zhipeng Wei, Huanli Gong, Jing Ting Zheng +3 more

The paper introduces MT-JailBench, a modular framework for evaluating multi-turn jailbreaks, demonstrating that controlling experimental components like prompt generation and resource budgets is cruci…

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cs.CRcs.LGRecentApr 22, 2026

Breaking Bad: Interpretability-Based Safety Audits of State-of-the-Art LLMs

Krishiv Agarwal, Ramneet Kaur, Colin Samplawski, Manoj Acharya +5 more

The paper conducts an interpretability-driven safety audit of eight state-of-the-art LLMs, demonstrating that while interpretability-based steering is a powerful auditing tool, model robustness varies…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMar 28, 2026

GUARD-SLM: Token Activation-Based Defense Against Jailbreak Attacks for Small Language Models

Md Jueal Mia, Joaquin Molto, Yanzhao Wu, M. Hadi Amini

The paper proposes GUARD-SLM, a token activation-based defense mechanism, to enhance the robustness of Small Language Models (SLMs) against various jailbreak attacks by analyzing and filtering malicio…

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cs.CRRecentMay 23, 2026

Ellipsoid Control: A White-list Jailbreak Defense via Benign Latent Modeling

Luoyu Chen, Weiqi Wang, Zhiyi Tian, Feng Wu +2 more

The paper proposes Ellipsoid Control, a white-list defense mechanism that uses benign data geometry to constrain model updates, thereby enhancing jailbreak safety while preserving the utility of harml…

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 6, 2026

SoK: Robustness in Large Language Models against Jailbreak Attacks

Feiyue Xu, Hongsheng Hu, Chaoxiang He, Sheng Hang +8 more

This paper introduces Security Cube, a comprehensive, multi-dimensional framework for evaluating LLM robustness against jailbreak attacks, providing a systematic taxonomy and benchmark analysis of exi…

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cs.CRcs.CLRecentMay 1, 2026

SRTJ: Self-Evolving Rule-Driven Training-Free LLM Jailbreaking

Jindong Li, Ying Liu, Yali Fu, Jinjing Zhu +3 more

The paper proposes SRTJ, a Self-Evolving Rule-Driven Training-Free Jailbreak framework that systematically discovers and refines attack strategies using rule composition and feedback to achieve robust…

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cs.CRcs.AIcs.LGRecentMar 24, 2026

Not All Tokens Are Created Equal: Query-Efficient Jailbreak Fuzzing for LLMs

Wenyu Chen, Xiangtao Meng, Chuanchao Zang, Li Wang +5 more

The paper proposes TriageFuzz, a token-aware fuzzing framework that significantly reduces the number of queries needed to jailbreak LLMs while maintaining high attack success rates.

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 13, 2026

Quantifying LLM Safety Degradation Under Repeated Attacks Using Survival Analysis

Zvi Topol

The paper introduces a novel survival analysis framework to quantify how LLM safety degrades over repeated adversarial attacks, revealing distinct vulnerability profiles among tested models.

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cs.CRRecentMay 20, 2026

Adversarial Reframing: A Framework for Targeted Generation in Language Models

Shahnewaz Karim Sakib, Swati Kar, Anindya Bijoy Das

The paper introduces THREAT, a novel reasoning-driven framework that efficiently discovers highly effective and targeted jailbreak prompts for LLMs, revealing previously unknown safety vulnerabilities…

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cs.CRcs.LGRecentMay 23, 2026

Steering Beyond the Support: Adversarial Training on Unsupervised Jailbroken Activation Simulation

Luoyu Chen, Weiqi Wang, Zhiyi Tian, Chenhan Zhang +4 more

The paper proposes an unsupervised bi-level adversarial training framework to enhance LLM safety steering, achieving strong zero-shot defense against unseen and evolving jailbreak prompts.

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cs.CRcs.AIRecentMay 31, 2026

D-Judge: Disrupting Multi-Turn Jailbreaks using Semantics-Preserving Output Rewriting

Huanli Gong, Zhipeng Wei, Yu Fu, Haz Sameen Shahgir +3 more

D-Judge introduces a semantics-preserving output rewriting defense that disrupts multi-turn jailbreak attacks by misaligning the feedback signal used by an attacker's judge model.

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cs.CRcs.AIcs.CLRecentApr 27, 2026

Jailbreaking Frontier Foundation Models Through Intention Deception

Xinhe Wang, Katia Sycara, Yaqi Xie

The paper introduces a novel multi-turn jailbreaking method that exploits the vulnerability of safe completion models by gradually building conversational trust, and it also uncovers a new vulnerabili…

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cs.CRcs.CLRecentApr 14, 2026

Compiling Activation Steering into Weights via Null-Space Constraints for Stealthy Backdoors

Rui Yin, Tianxu Han, Naen Xu, Changjiang Li +7 more

The paper proposes a novel method to inject reliable, sustained backdoors into LLMs by compiling an activation steering vector into model weights, ensuring the backdoor only activates upon a specific…

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cs.CRRecentJun 1, 2026

Benign Inputs, Harmful Outputs: Cross-Modal Jailbreaking via Distributed Semantic Recomposition

Yani Wang, Yilong Yang, Yang Liu, Zhuzhu Wang +2 more

The paper introduces Distributed Semantic Recomposition (DSR), a novel cross-modal jailbreaking framework that bypasses existing safety filters by decomposing harmful intent into benign input componen…

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